学生专场

时间：4月14日（周三）9:00-12:00

地点：北大经济学院606会议室

主持人：（国发院）赵耀辉、李玲、刘国恩、雷晓燕、张丹丹

     （经济学院）秦雪征、石菊、王耀璟、袁野

报告一

主讲人：谢婷婷（北京大学经济学院博士生）

题目：Something in the air? The effect of air pollution disclosure on physical and mental health in China（空气污染信息披露对身心健康的影响——来自中国的证据）

摘要：

Little is known on how much does the awareness of air pollution contribute to the overall impairment of air pollution. We provide the first piece of evidence to separately identify the effect of pollution awareness on individual’s health, as well as the effect of exposure to air pollution when individuals were not aware of the air pollution. Based on two large nationally representative datasets in China, we find a significantly negative effect of air pollution on both individual’s physical and mental health before the air quality was publicly disclosed. Second and more importantly, we find that disclosure of the air pollution has an additional negative effect on one’s health, especially for mental health and depression. We explained the mechanism from the perspectives of people’s increased awareness of pollution hazards to health, and choosing more evasive behaviors in order to avoid pollution, thereby reducing social interaction between people and active sports and other outdoor activities.

主讲人简介：

谢婷婷，北京大学经济学院2019级政治经济学专业博士生，主要研究方向为环境经济学和区域经济学。

 

报告二

主讲人：张玲（北京大学经济学院博士生）

题目：社保费负担、劳动力成本与企业生产率——基于税务部门全责征收社保费的研究

摘要：

税务部门全责征收社保费，有助于社保费征缴体系的规范，但同时加强社保征缴会增加企业税费负担，从而影响企业生产率的提升。2019年我国开始全面推行税务部门全责征收社保费，但自2000年起，广东、浙江、福建已陆续完成税务全责征收试点，本文利用1998年-2013年中国工业企业数据，使用双重差分模型，评估了税务全责征收社保费改革对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果显示，改革显著降低了企业全要素生产率（TFP）。政策实施后，企业TFP平均降低17%。异质性分析发现，融资约束越紧的企业，企业生产率的降幅越为明显。进一步地，我们检验了税务全责征收模式影响企业TFP的机制。研究发现，首先，改革增加了企业的用工成本，企业现金流减少，从而挤占了企业用于提升生产效率的资金投入；其次，改革缩减了企业市场份额，市场规模的缩小抑制了生产率的提升。本文的结论表明，在推行税务全责征收社保费、规范社保征收体系的同时，应谨防缴费负担上升对企业生产率的不利影响。

主讲人简介：

张玲，北京大学经济学院2019级博士研究生，研究方向主要为劳动经济学、公共政策研究等。电子信箱：zzzl@pku.edu.cn。

 

报告三

主讲人：余爽（北京大学经济学院博士生）

题目：同伴努力与父母人力资本投资——基于追赶效应的实证研究（Does Peer Effort Influence Parental Investments? Evidence from Catch-Up Effect）

摘要：

Different from the average measurements of peer effect, this study identifies its new perspective, namely the Local Catch-Up Effect (LCUE). Under the performance ranking system, students pay more attention to the limited peers who are better than them, rather than all their classmates. Based on this new peer effect, we exploit random classroom assignment in Chinese middle schools to estimate how the effort of limited peers affects parental educational investments. After controlling for other peer effects, we find that a one standard deviation increase in peer effort raises parental private tutoring fee by 3.56% of a standard deviation and supervising homework by 3.19% of a standard deviation. There is evidence that teacher behavior and attitude, student attitude and social network are the primary channels through which peer effort influences parental investments.

主讲人简介：

余爽，北京大学经济学院2017级博士生，主要研究方向为教育经济学和劳动经济学。

 

报告四

主讲人：赖毅（北京大学国家发展研究院博士生）

题目：区域点数法总额预算下的按病种分值付费对医院行为的影响（Hospital response to a case-based payment under the regional global budget: the case of Guangzhou in China）

摘要：

Both developed and developing countries have been searching for effective payment methods to control health expenditure inflation. In January 2018, Guangzhou city in Southern China initiated an innovative case-based payment method for inpatient care under the framework of the regional global budget, called as the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP). Contrary to the usual practice of the case-based payment, the DIP payment scheme includes a price adjustment mechanism in which the actual reimbursements for cases treated are determined ex post. By employing the difference-in-difference method and data from Beijing and Guangzhou, we evaluate the effects of the DIP payment on medical expenditures and provider behaviors. We find a decrease of at least 3.5% in total health expenditures, which is mainly driven by a substantial decrease in drug expenditures. It suggests that the DIP payment reform has at least achieved a short-term success in slowing down the growth of health expenditures. However, we obtain robust evidence that the average point volume per case for local inpatients with social health insurance coverage has increased by more than 3%. It is accomplished by an increasing likelihood of performing at least one procedure. We also find suggestive evidence on up-coding behaviors. All these results suggest that healthcare providers have taken strategic behaviors in response to the DIP payment. These findings hold lessons for ongoing payment reforms in China and other countries.

主讲人简介：

赖毅，北京大学国家发展研究院2016级博士生，研究领域为卫生经济学。

 

报告五

主讲人：袁洛琪（北京大学经济学院博士生）

题目：总额预付制对医疗服务利用和质量的影响

摘要：

本文使用某省多个地市的2013–2018年医疗机构年报数据和2015–2018年住院患者病案首页数据，基于某省D市自2016年1月1日起推行基本医疗保险付费总额控制这一外生冲击和双重差分方法估计了总额预付制对医疗服务利用和质量的影响及作用机制。结果显示，总额预付制不能显著降低次均住院总费用但改变了部分医疗项目的次均费用，其中基层医疗机构的次均医疗服务费增加了7.9%；综合医院的次均医疗服务费降低，次均耗材费和次均新技术项目费分别增加了44.4%和26.3%。其次，基于多病种住院患者病案首页数据的分析表明总额预付制有效改善了医疗服务质量，基层医疗机构慢性病、常见病和脑血管疾病的同一病种再入院率显著降低，综合医院慢性病、常见病和癌症的院内死亡率显著减少。最后，在影响机制方面，总额预付制增加了医疗机构的高价值医疗设备投入并改变了医疗费用构成，基层医疗机构显著增加了医保基金支出，而综合医院存在将报销比例高的医疗项目替换为报销比例低的医疗项目的倾向。

主讲人简介：

袁洛琪，北京大学经济学院2017级本科生，主要研究方向为卫生经济学和劳动经济学。

 

报告六

主讲人：刘潇（北京大学国家发展研究院博士生）

题目：性别失衡与教育获得的性别差异

摘要：

新中国成立以来，我国在保障男女受教育机会均等方面取得了巨大的进步，女性接受高等教育的比例已超过男性，然而，男女受教育程度的差距在不同省份之间很不平衡。本文从婚姻市场挤压的角度为我国男女受教育程度的地区差距提供一种解释：20世纪80年代以来的出生性别比失衡提高了男性相对于女性的受教育程度。其原因在于，出生性别比失衡使得农村受教育程度低的男性面临找不到配偶的风险，但不影响女性和受教育程度高的男性的结婚机会。因此农村男性倾向于提高受教育程度以避免受到婚姻挤压的影响。本文采用2015年人口抽样调查微观数据验证了上述解释机制。

主讲人简介：

刘潇，北京大学国家发展研究院2016级博士生，研究领域为家庭经济学与劳动经济学。